> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://willh.gitbook.io/typescript-tutorial/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://willh.gitbook.io/typescript-tutorial/advanced/further-reading.md).

# 延伸閱讀

此處記錄了[官方手冊](http://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/basic-types.html)（[中文版](https://zhongsp.gitbooks.io/typescript-handbook/content/)）中包含，但是本書未涉及的概念。

我認為它們是一些不重要或者不屬於 TypeScript 的概念，所以這裡只給出一個簡單的釋義，詳細內容可以點選連結深入理解。

* [Never](http://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/basic-types.html#never)（[中文版](https://zhongsp.gitbooks.io/typescript-handbook/content/doc/handbook/Basic%20Types.html#never)）：永遠不存在值的型別，一般用於錯誤處理函式
* [Variable Declarations](http://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/variable-declarations.html)（[中文版](https://zhongsp.gitbooks.io/typescript-handbook/content/doc/handbook/Variable%20Declarations.html)）：使用 `let` 和 `const` 替代 `var`，這是 [ES6 的知識](http://es6.ruanyifeng.com/#docs/let)
* [`this`](https://zhongsp.gitbooks.io/typescript-handbook/content/doc/handbook/Functions.html#this)：箭頭函式的運用，這是 [ES6 的知識](http://es6.ruanyifeng.com/#docs/function)
* [Using Class Types in Generics](http://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/generics.html#using-class-types-in-generics)（[中文版](https://zhongsp.gitbooks.io/typescript-handbook/content/doc/handbook/Generics.html#在泛型裡使用類別型別)）：建立工廠函式時，需要參考建構函式的類別型別
* [Best common type](http://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/type-inference.html#best-common-type)（[中文版](https://zhongsp.gitbooks.io/typescript-handbook/content/doc/handbook/Type%20Inference.html#最佳通用型別)）：陣列的型別推論
* [Contextual Type](http://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/type-inference.html#contextual-type)（[中文版](https://zhongsp.gitbooks.io/typescript-handbook/content/doc/handbook/Type%20Inference.html#上下文型別)）：函式輸入的型別推論
* [Type Compatibility](http://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/type-compatibility.html)（[中文版](https://zhongsp.gitbooks.io/typescript-handbook/content/doc/handbook/Type%20Compatibility.html)）：允許不嚴格符合型別，只需要在一定規則下相容即可
* [Advanced Types](http://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/advanced-types.html#intersection-types)（[中文版](https://zhongsp.gitbooks.io/typescript-handbook/content/doc/handbook/Advanced%20Types.html#交叉型別（intersection-types）)）：使用 `&` 將多種型別的共有部分疊加成一種型別
* [Type Guards and Differentiating Types](http://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/advanced-types.html#type-guards-and-differentiating-types)（[中文版](https://zhongsp.gitbooks.io/typescript-handbook/content/doc/handbook/Advanced%20Types.html#型別保護與區分類型（type-guards-and-differentiating-types）)）：聯合型別在一些情況下被識別為特定的型別
* [Discriminated Unions](http://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/advanced-types.html#discriminated-unions)（[中文版](https://zhongsp.gitbooks.io/typescript-handbook/content/doc/handbook/Advanced%20Types.html#可辨識聯合（discriminated-unions）)）：使用 `|` 聯合多個介面的時候，透過一個共有的屬性形成可辨識聯合
* [Polymorphic `this` types](http://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/advanced-types.html#polymorphic-this-types)（[中文版](https://zhongsp.gitbooks.io/typescript-handbook/content/doc/handbook/Advanced%20Types.html#多型的this型別)）：父類別的某個方法返回 `this`，當子類別繼承父類別後，子類別的實例呼叫此方法，返回的 `this` 能夠被 TypeScript 正確的識別為子類別的實例。
* [Symbols](http://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/symbols.html)（[中文版](https://zhongsp.gitbooks.io/typescript-handbook/content/doc/handbook/Symbols.html)）：新原生型別，這是 [ES6 的知識](http://es6.ruanyifeng.com/#docs/symbol)
* [Iterators and Generators](http://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/iterators-and-generators.html)（[中文版](https://zhongsp.gitbooks.io/typescript-handbook/content/doc/handbook/Iterators%20and%20Generators.html)）：迭代器，這是 [ES6 的知識](http://es6.ruanyifeng.com/#docs/iterator)
* [Namespaces](http://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/namespaces.html)（[中文版](https://zhongsp.gitbooks.io/typescript-handbook/content/doc/handbook/Namespaces.html)）：避免全域性汙染，現在已被 [ES6 Module](http://es6.ruanyifeng.com/#docs/module) 替代
* [Decorators](http://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/decorators.html)（[中文版](https://zhongsp.gitbooks.io/typescript-handbook/content/doc/handbook/Decorators.html)）：修飾器，這是 [ES7 的一個提案](http://es6.ruanyifeng.com/#docs/decorator)
* [Mixins](http://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/mixins.html)（[中文版](https://zhongsp.gitbooks.io/typescript-handbook/content/doc/handbook/Mixins.html)）：一種程式設計模式，與 TypeScript 沒有直接關係，可以參考 [ES6 中 Mixin 模式的實現](http://es6.ruanyifeng.com/#docs/class#Mixin模式的實現)
* [上一章：宣告合併](/typescript-tutorial/advanced/declaration-merging.md)
* [下一章：工程](/typescript-tutorial/engineering.md)


---

# Agent Instructions
This documentation is published with GitBook. GitBook is the documentation platform designed so that both humans and AI agents can read, navigate, and reason over technical content effectively. Learn more at gitbook.com.

## Querying This Documentation
If you need additional information that is not directly available in this page, you can query the documentation dynamically by asking a question.

Perform an HTTP GET request on the current page URL with the `ask` query parameter, and the optional `goal` query parameter:

```
GET https://willh.gitbook.io/typescript-tutorial/advanced/further-reading.md?ask=<question>&goal=<endgoal>
```

`ask` is the immediate question: it should be specific, self-contained, and written in natural language.
`goal` is optional and describes the broader end goal you are ultimately trying to accomplish on behalf of the user. GitBook uses it to tailor the answer towards what is most useful for that goal.

The response will contain a direct answer to the question and relevant excerpts and sources from the documentation.

Use this mechanism when the answer is not explicitly present in the current page, you need clarification or additional context, or you want to retrieve related documentation sections.